Exploring the Impact of Aging on the Blood Brain Barrier Function

The blood-brain barrier is well-studied among neuroscientists. The blood-brain barrier is comprised of different cell types, including endothelial cells, astrocytes, neurons and microglia. This barrier is essential for maintaining optimal brain function. Endothelial cells in the brain allow essential nutrients, such as oxygen and glucose, to enter through this barrier while simultaneously filtering out waste.1

Specifically, transporter proteins function to maintain homeostasis between the bloodstream and the brain. These tight junction proteins restrict permeability of the membrane. 

Recent research has elucidated the mechanism in which the BBB contributes to neurodegeneration. This has allowed for the BBB to be utilized as a target in the latest neuroscience research, increasing uptake.2

While it is well known that the hippocampus is affected in Alzheimer’s, cerebrovascular pathology is not dependent on brain region. Animal studies have demonstrated that transporters, including Glut1 and LRP1, have reduced activity with normal aging. In addition, changes in the permeability of the BBB have been shown in Alzheimer’s Disease. Alpha-beta accumulation can affect tight junction protein expression, thereby increasing permeability of the membrane and allowing more toxins to reach the brain. 

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1. Andjelkovic, A. V., Situ, M., Citalan-Madrid, A. F., Stamatovic, S. M., Xiang, J., & Keep, R. F. (2023). Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in normal aging and neurodegeneration: mechanisms, impact, and treatments. Stroke.

2. Knox, E. G., Aburto, M. R., Clarke, G., Cryan, J. F., & O’Driscoll, C. M. (2022). The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration. Molecular psychiatry, 27(6), 2659-2673.